Soil Science is an essential and fundamental discipline in agriculture that encompasses a wide range of research areas, including soil formation, genesis, and classification, soil physics, soil chemistry, soil fertility, plant nutrition, soil biology, and more. Accurate analysis and description of soils are crucial for their characterization and understanding. The physical properties of soils determine their suitability for cultivation, while their chemical properties provide information about their chemical environment and nutrient status, which are critical for crop production on this densely populated planet. Determining the physical and chemical properties of soils through appropriate analytical methods in the field or laboratory is the first step towards effective soil management and scientific recommendations for increasing crop production.

01. Collection and Processing of Soil Samples 02. Soil Texture and Textural Class 03. Density and Porosity of Soil 04. Soil Aggregate Analysis 05. Soil Moisture 06. Flow of Water in Soil 07. Soil Consistency 08. Basics of Quantitative Chemical Analysis 09. Instrument and its Principle of Functioning 10. Soil Reaction 11. Electrical Conductivity and Water Soluble Salt 12. Soil Organic Matter 13. Ion Exchange Capacity and Exchangeable Bases 14. Nitrogen in Soil 15. Phosphorus in Soil 16. Potassium in Soil 17. Sulphur in Soil 18. Micronutrients in Soil 19. Some Soil Polluting Heavy Metals