The field of modern biotechnology is characterized by the utilization of molecular techniques that involve the use of living organisms or their components to produce or enhance commercial goods and processes. This area of study, which has its roots in the creation of the first recombinant gene thirty years ago, has experienced rapid growth and development. The applications of modern biotechnology are diverse and have led to improvements in various aspects of our daily lives, such as the food we eat, the beverages we drink, the clothes we wear, and the medicines we take. Additionally, modern biotechnology encompasses a range of methods and materials, including molecular techniques for generating energy and non-toxic cleaning products, which reduce waste by altering patterns of production and consumption through DNA engineering.

The book "Modern Biotechnology and its Applications" contains 32 chapters and aims to provide an overview of the tools and technologies developed by prominent scientists. The focus of the book is on using modern technology to address environmental challenges and improve the sustainability of production processes. Specifically, the book seeks to highlight the exploration and development of biotechnological tools and techniques that can be applied for the betterment of society.

Part–I: 01. Plant Tissue Culture : Prospects and Limitation Kambaska Kumar Behera 02. in vitro Clonal Propagation of Forests Trees : By Bud Culture Technique Afaque Quraishi 03. Evaluating Phytoremediation using in vitro Plant Cultures Indira P. Sarethy and Kailash Paliwal 04. Synthetic Seed: A New Concept in Plant Biotechnology Kambaska Kumar Behera 05. Plant Secondary Metabolites : in vitro Production Strategies Sharad Vats and Kambaska Kumar Behera 06. Plant Defense Priming : Role of Allelochemicals R. Aswati Nair, Geethu Chellappan, Padmesh P and K. Manikantan Menon 07. Metagenomics : Progress, Opportunities and Challenges Sarvjeet Kaur 08. Expression of Genetic Information : From Transcription to Translation Nidhi Sharma and Veena Garg 09. Expressed Sequence Tag and its Potential Pramod Katara 10. Transgenic Plants : Production, Methodologies and its Application in Crop Improvements Arpita Sharma, Indu Ravi and Kambaska Kumar Behera 11. Molecular Farming Ranjan Gupta, Anita Yadav and Neeraj Aggarwal 12. Scope of Light Trap as IPM Tool for Sustainable Cultivation of Rice Amit Kumar Sharma, Swati Barche and P.K. Mishra 13. Agricultural By-products and their Biotechnological Approach Parkash Kumar Sarangi and Hara Prasad Sahoo 14. Lignocellulosic Bio-ethanol Production : A Second Generation Biofuel Nibedita Sarkar and Kaustav Aikat 15. Bioenergy : Ethics and Prospective Kambaska Kumar Behera and Nidhi Srivastava 16. Biotechnology and Intellectual Property Rights Kambaska Kumar Behera, Sanskriti Gautam, Shaili Yadav and Shailja Dubey

Part–II: 17. Animal Tissue Culture: Principle and Procedure Renu Bist and Anupama Sharma 18. Cell-Cell Communication Zeeshan Mushtaq and Vimelesh Kumar 19. Biotechnological Application of Stem Cells for Haemoglobinopathies Nibarana Satapathy, Y. Archana and Bisnu Prasad Dash 20. Organochlorine Pesticide : Toxicity and its Impact on Animals Renu Bist 21. Nanotechnology – Application in Biomedical Sciences Punyasloke Bhadury 22. Protein Purification :An OverviewBiswanath Bhunia, Kambaska Kumar Behera, Nibedita Mahata and Apurba Dey 23. Cancer Biology and RNAi Reema Gabrani 24. Secondary Metabolites : Production, Prospective and Applications Indu Ravi, Garima Bhardwaj and Kambaska Kumar Behera 25. Bioactive Molecules and Steps of Drug Discovery Upasana Singh 26. An Approach to Drug Discovery Anupam Das Talukdar, Pankaj Chetia, Amitabha Bhattacharjee, Manabendra Dutta Choudhury 27. Drug Delivery Methodologies B. Behera, S. S. Sagiri, T. Sudeep, V. Patil, V. Varghese, B. Biswal, K. Pal, S. Roy, S.S. Ray and B. Nayak 28. Enzyme : The Biological Messengers and its Kinetics Biswanath Bhunia, Kambaska Kumar Behera, Soumya Sasmaland Apurba Dey 29. Pharmacogenomics : A Way to Personalized MedicinePramod Katara 30. Molecular Evolution and Evolutionary Computing Tools Arun Kumar Sharma and Kambaska Kumar Behera 31. Fungal Nano-Biotechnology : Present Status and Future Perspectives Kambaska Kumar Behera 32. Lac Cultivation : An Overview to Indian Context Kambaska Kumar Behera and Bishnu Prasad Dash