Temperate horticulture is a significant aspect of horticulture as it is limited to the hilly regions of a country. It represents a diverse group of fruit crops that differ physiologically from the sub-tropical and tropical fruit crops grown in other regions. Temperate horticulture also has immense potential for providing off-season and exotic vegetables and flowers all year round. This book, published to commemorate the centenary year of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, aims to highlight the current status of temperate horticulture in India. It covers topics such as biotechnology and bioinformatics, genetic resources and manipulation, cropping patterns, drip irrigation, hill horticulture, and the economics of temperate horticulture. Contributions from scientists at IARI, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, NBPGR, CIPHET, CPRI, and various research centers make this book a comprehensive handbook for temperate horticulture. It will serve as a valuable reference for researchers in the field of horticulture and help in addressing problems and planning future strategies.

Section-I. General aspects of temperate fruit industry in India: 01. Temperate horticulture research and development - issues and priorities by Jagmohan Singh. 02. Current scenario of temperate fruits in Himachal Pradesh by R.P. Sharma. 03. Status of temperate fruits in Uttaranchal : problems and prospects by L.D. Bist, Anil Kumar Dixit and A.K. Sharma. 04. Temperate fruit diversity : status and prospects by S.D. Sharma and K. Kumar. 05. Current status and future thrust of temperate fruits in India by Room Singh, V.P. Patel and S.K. Singh. Section-II. Plant biodiversity, genetic resources and breeding: 06. Genetic resources and their utilization in developing potato varieties for diverse cropping systems in India by S.K. Pandey and K.C. Thakur. 07. Some potential minor temperate fruit crops in the north-west Himalaya by V.D. Verma, K. Pradheep and J.C. Rana. 08. Role of plant genetic resource, collection, evaluation and maintenance in the development of hill horticulture by Girish Sharma. 09.Variability in flowering, fruit characters and yield in selfed and open pollinated progenies of strawberry cultivars by S.D. Sharma, Kriti Dhiman and D.P. Walia. 10. Management of genetic resources of temperate horticultural crops by J.C. Rana, V.D. Verma and K. Pradheep. 11. A new rootstock suitable for high density orcharding in apple by K.K. Pramanick, D.K. Kishore and Satish K. Sharma. 12. Screening for elite germplasm of Myrica nagi Thunb-an unexploited sub-temperate fruit by O.C. Sharma, A.S. Kashyap, B.S. Thakur, K. Mehta and L.K. Sharma. 13. Performance of some strawberry cultivars under subtropical climate by R.R. Sharma and Room Singh. 14. Preliminary observations on the flowering performance of a wild strain of persimmon (Diospyros Kaki L.) by B.S. Thakur, K. Mehta, A.S. Kashyap, L.K. Sharma and O.C. Sharma. 15. Variability studies in seedling population of pistachionut (Pistacio vera L.) grown in the dry temperate areas of Kinnaur in Himachal Pradesh by B.S. Thakur, K. Mehta, A.S. Kashyap, A.S. Rehalia and K.K. Jindal. 16. Evaluation of apple cultivars on EMLA 111 rootstock under high density plantations at PCDO Anu in Shimla District by B.K. Karkara and G.R. Jhobta. 17. Performance of apple cultivars on different rootstocks in valley area of Shimla District in Himachal Pradesh by B.K. Karkara, R.P. Sharma and G.R. Jhobta. 18. Biodiversity in seedling trees of Aonla (Emblica officinalis L.) for various fruit characters in Himachal Pradesh by A.S. Kashyap, O.C. Sharma, K. Mehta, B.S. Thakur and L.K. Sharma. 19. Swarna Mukti : a powdery mildew resistant and high yielding garden pea variety by R.S. Pan, A.K. Singh, S. Kumar, Bikash Das, J.P. Sharma and Mathura Rai. 20. Heterosis breeding in bell pepper by H.R. Sharma and A.K. Thakur. 21. Genetic analysis of yield in fresh market tomato by A.K. Thakur and H.R. Sharma. 22. Primer designing in horticulture species using bioinformatics tools by S.V. Bhardwaj, Praguna Singh Sambyal and Anju Sharma. 23. Bioinformatics in temperate horticulture bioresources management by Anju Sharma, S.V. Bhardwaj, Praguna Singh Sambyal and D.R. Sharma. 24. Studies on the variability in respect of chemical characters of fruits in F1 progenies of peach by S.D. Sharma and Y. Indrani. 25. Breeding plums for improved quality and better shelf-life by Girish Sharma. 26. Notes on some lean season ornamentals of Shimla by K. Pradheep, J.C. Rana and V.D. Verma. 27. Evaluation of open-pollinated seedlings of seed setting cultivars of chrysanthemum under Solan, Nauni conditions of Himachal Pradesh by Pariksha Vaidya, S.R. Dhiman, Y.C. Gupta and Subha Luxmi. Section III. Effective production technology: 28. Strategies for improving productivity of temperate fruit crops in India by R.P. Awasthi. 29. Horticulture in cold desert conditions with particular reference to Spiti valley of Himachal Pradesh by A.S. Kashyap. 30. Effective use of Micro irrigation and fertigation in apple orchards by D.K. Kishore, K.K. Pramanick, Satish K. Sharma and Rameshwar Singh. 31. Pollination: a decisive factor in apple productivity by Girish Sharma, Roshan Anand and O.C. Sharma. 32. Present status and scope of horto-pastoral systems in temperate wet zone of Himachal Pradesh - a case study by Janak Raj Sharma and P.S. Chauhan. 33. Effect of different amendments on phosphorus availability in apple based farming system by D.D. Sharma and I.P. Sharma. 34. Studies on the effect of NPK fertigation levels on growth, fruiting, fruit quality and leaf nutrient status of red fuji and Scarlet Gala apple cultivars in high density plantation by P.S. Chauhan, L.K. Sharma and S.S. Rana. 35. Role of honey bees in the pollination and fruit set in enhancing apple production in Himachal Pradesh by K.L. Kakar. 36. Role of promalin (GA 4+7+BA) application on fruiting and quality of delicious apples by M.S. Mankotia, P.S. Chauhan and A. Sud. 37. Economic analysis of temperate fruits' production technology in Himachal Pradesh – India by A.K. Randev. 38. Influence of Orchard floor management practices on soil moisture and temperature in a plum orchard grown under mid-hill zone conditions by J.S. Chauhan and B. Shylla. 39. Manipulation of fruit size, yield and fruit quality of Kiwifruit with thinning and growth regulators by R.K. Rana and J.S. Chandel. 40. Effect of P and Phosphorus Solublizing Microbes (PSM) on growth, total microbial count of soil and leaf nutrient status of Walnut cv. Govind by C.S. Tomar, J.S. Cheena and Sunil Dutt Sharma. 41. Effect of different planting distances on growth, yield and quality of apricot cv. new castle by K. Mehta, B.S. Thakur, A.S. Kashyap, L.K. Sharma and O.C. Sharma. 42. Effect of sowing dates and spacing on growth and curd yield of sprouting broccoli by S. Narayan, N. Ahmed and Shahnaz Mufti. 43. Conjoint application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on dry matter and leaf nutrient contents in French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) by S.K. Bhardwaj, R. Kaushal and Yoginder Sharma. 44. Performance of rose cv. 'First Red' under naturally ventilated polyhouse conditions in the mid-hills of Himachal Pradesh by Rajesh Thakur, Y.C. Gupta, S.R. Dhiman, R. Bhalla and Ritu Jain. 45. Effect of benzyl adenine and gibberellic acid on growth and flowering of African violets (Saintpaulia ionantha Wendl.) by Bharati Kashyap, Y.D. Sharma and S.R. Dhiman. 46. Effect of different mulches and herbicides on growth, yield and quality of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cv. Chandler by C.L. Sharma and U.U. Khokhar. 47. Periodical changes in foliar macronutrient status of Olive by Sunil Dutt Sharma, R.P. Singh and C.L. Sharma. 48. Mulching material influences the albinism disorder in strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) by R.R. Sharma and Rajbir Singh. 49. Effects of drip irrigation and rootstocks on apple under high density plantation by A.S. Rehalia, S.K. Banyal and V.S. Rana. Section IV. Diversification of temperate fruit production through vegetable crops and floriculture: 50. Diversification of temperate fruit production through floriculture by R.L. Misra and Pragya. 51. Economic aspect of diversification of temperate fruits industry in Himachal Pradesh by A.K. Randev. 52. Performance of Okra as an intercrop in the young Apricot orchards by Y.R. Shukla, K. Mehta and A.S. Kashyap. 53. Growing persimmon as diversified fruit crop in the mid-hills of Himachal Pradesh by K. Mehta, B.S. Thakur, A.S. Kashyap, L.K. Sharma and O.C. Sharma. 54. Diversification in temperate fruit orchards through the introduction of commercially important temperate ornamental germplasm by J.S. Wazir and Y.D. Sharma. Section V. Future strategies to tackle climate changes: 55. Influence of changing climatic variables on apple productivity trends by M.S. Mankotia. 56. Effect of changing weather parameters on the epidemic of apple powdery mildew by V.S. Thakur, Shalini Verma and Nirupma Sharma. Section VI. Propagation and rootstocks: 57. Propagation of Walnut through summer budding by J.S. Chandel, R.K. Rana and D.D. Sharma. 58. Effect of phloroglucinol and auxins on in vitro rooting behaviour of five pyrus genotypes by Anirudh Thakur and J.S. Kanwar. 59. Propagation of apple rootstock malling 7 through in vitro culture by Manju Moudgil and Rajnish Sharma. 60. Standardization of chip budding technique for top working of old Walnut seedling plants by D.D. Sharma, Dharmesh Gupta and P.L. Sharma. Section VII. Pest and disease management: 61. Incidence of premature leaf fall disease of apple and its management by J.N. Sharma. 62. Soil solarization for the control of Fusarium wilt pathogen of gladiolus by Harender Raj, Suneel Anand and Sachin Upmanyu. 63. Preliminary investigations on Ampelomyces quisqualis, a hyper parasite on powdery mildew of apple (Podosphaera leucotricha) by S.K. Sharma, Meenu Gupta and Swarn Singh. 64. Delivery of pesticides through micro-irrigation system for the management of insect pests and diseases in apple by Satish K. Sharma. D.K. Kishore, K.K. Pramanick and Rameshwer Singh. 65. Population dynamics of vam fungi in green amended soil and its effect on white root rot of apple caused by Dematophora necatrix by /Nirupama Sharma, L.N. Bhardwaj and V.S. Thakur. 66. Evaluation of strawberry germplasm for resistance against leaf spot by Dharam Pal and S.D. Sharma. 67. Phytoplasma infecting Lilium in Himachal Pradesh by Ashutosh Bhaik, Anil Handa, P.D. Thakur, Usha Sharma and Kumud Jarial. 68. Identification and characterization of a carlavirus infecting Lilium by Anil Handa, P.D. Thakur and Ashutosh Bhaik. 69. A geminivirus infecting tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum mill.) in Himachal Pradesh by Praguna Singh Sambyal, S.V. Bhardwaj, V.G. Malathi, P.D. Thakur and S.K. Chakrabarti. 70. Population dynamics in phytoparasitic nematodes of persimmon (Diospyros kaki) by G.C. Sharma and A.S. Kashyap. 71. Pest complex of strawberry and its management in foot-hills of shivaliks by Rajpal Singh, S.C. Lakhanpal and B.K. Karkara. 72. Relative efficacy of some new acaricides against European Red Mite, Panonychus Ulmi (Koch) by P.L. Sharma. 73. Efficacy of new acaricides against European Red Mite Panonychus ulmi (Koch) on apple by Sushma Bhardwaj and S.P. Bhardwaj. Section VIII. Processing, packaging, improved transport and storage for longer shelf life: 74. Standardization of holding solutions to increase the vase life of greenhouse grown rose cv. 'first red' by Ritu Jain, Y.C. Gupta, Rajesh Bhalla, S.R. Dhiman and Rajesh Thakur. 75. Effect of packaging materials, temperature and dressers on bell pepper (capsicum annuum L.) seed germination and vigour by A.K. Joshi, Chameli Kumari, Nandita Pathania, S.K. Sharma and S.C. Verma. 76. Effect of packaging materials temperature and dressers on onion (Allium cepa L.) seed germination and vigour by A.K. Joshi, Chameli Kumari, Nandita Pathania, S.K. Sharma and S.C. Verma. Section IX. Innovations at farmers level: 77. Gap analysis in the cultivation of commercially grown vegetables by Y.R. Shukla and A.S. Kashyap. 78. Activities and important issues in temperate horticulture by Ravinder Chauhan. 79. National perspective-need for future hill horticulture by Ravinder Chauhan.