Climate change is a natural process that occurs over millions of years, making our planet habitable for life. This phenomenon is not confined to a particular country or continent, as evidenced by droughts in Texas and flooding along the Missouri River in the United States, as well as along the Red River in Canada. Climate change presents multiple challenges and interacts with various non-climatic stressors, making it difficult to predict the consequences in a general sense, except for the threats to agriculture. Agroforestry can help mitigate these challenges by increasing biodiversity within agricultural lands, which supports various ecological and production services that enhance resilience to climate change.

Managing the risks associated with climate change in annual cropping systems is complicated due to the increasing uncertainty of inter-annual variability in rainfall and temperature. Agroforestry, which involves mixing woody trees with crops, forage, and livestock operations, provides greater resilience to these fluctuations through crop diversification and improved resource use efficiency. Deep-rooted trees allow better access to nutrients and water during droughts and can enhance resource utilization when integrated appropriately into annual cropping systems. Agroforestry also increases soil porosity, reduces runoff, and increases soil cover, which improve water infiltration and reduce moisture stress during periods of low rainfall. In times of excessive soil moisture, tree-based systems keep soils aerated by pumping out excess water, offering an economic return.

The book comprises 36 chapters, primarily focusing on agroforestry practices in India and their role in climate change mitigation and adaptation.

1. Climate Smart Agriculture and Carbon Sequestration Abhishek Raj, M.K. Jhariya and S.S. Bargali 2. Perceived Weather Anomalies and Climate Change: Community Based Adaptation in Sustaining Natural Resources and Livelihoods by Adi and Monpa Communities on Arunachal Pradesh, Eastern Himalaya Ranjay K. Singh and Arun Agrawal 3. Agroforestry: A Sustainable Land use System for Livelihood Security and Climate Change Mitigation P. Saikia, Amit Kumar and M. L. Khan 4. Livelihood Opportunities through Natural Vegetation for Adaptation to Climate Change Suresh Kumar 5. Conservation of Plant Genetic Resources through Agroforestry System J.P. Singh, V.S. Rathore, Venkatesan, K. 6. Mitigating Climate Change Through Efficient Agroforestry Methods Deepak Kumar 7. Carbon Sequestration in Agroforestry Systems in Arid Regions of Rajasthan M. L. Soni, V. Subbulakshmi, N. D. Yadava and K. R. Sheetal 8. Geospatial Technology: An Effective Tool for Mapping, Monitoring and Decision Support in Agroforestry for Sustainability Mahesh Kumar Gaur, R. K. Goyal and J. S. Chouhan 9. Alternate Land use Systems in Western Rajasthan N. D. Yadava and V. S. Rathore 10. Improving Livelihood Through Agroforestry in Hot Arid Region J. C. Tewari, Kamlesh Pareek and Shiran K. 11. Conservation Tillage and Crop Residue Management in Relation to Dynamics of Soil C and N Under Climate Change Scenario - I N. S. Pasricha 12. Conservation Tillage and Crop Residue Management in Relation to Dynamics of Soil C and N Under Climate Change Scenario–II N. S. Pasricha 13. Agroforestry: A Sustainable, Multifunctional and Diversified Production System for Hot Arid Zone of India Archana Verma, Shiran K., J.C. Tewari, Rajwant Kaur Kalia Saresh N.V., Mahesh Kumar Gaur and Shrawan Kumar 14. Role of Plant –Microbe Interaction in Agroforestry Anjly Pancholy and S. K. Singh 15. Rainwater Management for Climate Resilience in Arid Region R. K. Goyal and Mahesh Kumar Gaur 16. Horticulture Based Agroforestry in Arid Region of Rajasthan A. K. Shukla, M. B. Noor mohamed, Keerthika A, Dipak Kumar Gupta, B. L. Jangid and P.L. Regar 17. Role of Small Ruminants and Agro Forestry System in Arid Zone A.K. Patel 18. Traditional Agroforestry System for Global Warming Adaptation in Arid Rajasthan G. Singh 19. Water Budgeting and Management for Production in Tree Based System R.K. Goyal 20. Traditional Agroforestry in India: Problems and Prospects S.K. Dhyani 21. Complementarity in Growth Resources Sharing Makes Homegarden Agroforestry Sustainable C.B. Pandey 22. Livelihood and Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation through Agroforestry Sivakumaran Sivaramanan 23. Potential of Agroforestry for Climate Change Mitigation J.C. Tewari, Kamlesh Pareek, Shiran K. and Mahesh Kumar Gaur 24. Livestock as a Source of Livelihood Security in Arid Agroforestry System B.K. Mathur 25. Molecular Characterization of Tree Species for their Genetic Improvement S.K. Singh 26. Management of Salt-Affected Soils in Arid and Semi-Arid Ecosystem Mahesh Kumar and N.R. Panwar 27. Wind Erosion Control Through Vegetative Measures to Combat Desertification Priyabrata Santra, Suresh Kumar and P.C. Moharana 28. Micropropagation: A Method for Mass Multiplication of Elite Trees Rajwant K. Kalia, Sidhika Chhajer and Sanjay Kalia 29. Potential Indigenous Agroforestry Systems of Northeastern Region of India U. C. Sharma 30. The Role of Agroforestry in Carbon Sequestration U.C. Sharma 31. Agroforestry Rehabilitates Farmers through Clonal Plantations on Wastelands in Karnataka, India S.K. Sharma 32. Economics and Yield Performance of Gamhar (Gmelina arborea roxb.) Under Agri-silvicultural System in East Singhbhum District in Jharkhand, India Kumar, S., Malik, M.S. and Vikas Kumar 33. Poplar (Populus deltoides) Based Agroforestry Systems: An Economically Viable Livelihood Option for the Farmers of North India N.V. Saresh, Archana Verma, D. S. Rana, Ravi Bhardwaj B. Hulikatti Mahantesh, S. M. Raghavendra and M.S. Sankanur 34. Tree Diversity and Ecosystem Services of Rural and Urban Homegardens Agroforestry of Kottayam District Kerala, India Vikas Kumar, Abhijith R. and T. K. Kunhamu 35. Agroforestry: A Multipurpose Multi-Storeyed Renewable Plant Treasure with Medicinal Values Giving Multi-Returns for Livelihood and Benefits over Climate Change S. Panda, P. K. Dhara, S. Sarkar and N. C. Das 36. Entomofauna in Agroforestry Systems Friends or Foes Nisha Patel