The primary objective of this book is to provide support for students pursuing cytogenetics within the fields of Genetics and Plant Breeding. With the aid of illustrations and clear explanations, the book has been designed to ensure that even novice students can comprehend the fundamental concepts of the subject. The content has been carefully structured in accordance with the course syllabus typically followed in universities. The book presents the topics in a concise and easily understandable manner, refraining from the intricacies associated with conventional textbooks, as it serves as a supplementary guide rather than a replacement for primary study materials.

1. Morphology of Eukaryotic Chromosome B-chromosome Sex chromosomes in plants Artificial chromosome References 2. Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance Cell division (Mitosis and Meiosis) Deviations from normal meiosis Synapsis and chiasmata Molecular models of recombination and theories of crossing over Techniques of Karyotyping, chromosome banding and painting 3. Structure Variations of Chromosomes Deficiencies Duplication Inversion Translocations or interchanges Morphological features of polyploids Synthesis of new allopolyploids: (Triticale -Triticosecale Wittmack) Haploidy Variation in chromosome behavior (Endomitosis & Somatic segregation) References viii Principles of Cytogenetics 4. Intervarietal Chromosome Substitution Lines Alien addition and substitution lines Apomixis in crop improvement References 5. Polyploids: Reversion, Genome Restructuring and Alien Gene Transfer Allopolyploidy, alien gene introgression and interspecific hybridization Genome reorganization in polyploids Wheat-alien translocation induced by irradiation and other mechanisms Gene Transfer using amphidipoids as Bridge species References 6. Pre and Post Fertilization Barriers in Crop Plants during Wide Hybridization and Techniques to Overcome Pre and post fertilization barriers in plants Prokaryotic chromosome (bacterial) Viral structure, genome and replication