This book presents comprehensive information on bone research, with a focus on bone healing, and is divided into 27 chapters that cover all aspects of orthopedic research in small and laboratory animals. The book provides essential knowledge about bone, fracture types and healing, bone grafts and substitutes, internal and external fixation techniques, and the role of stem cells, hormones, and biomaterials in fracture healing. The book also examines the use of herbal products, ceramic biomaterials, and osteoinducers in bone regeneration.

The book is intended to meet the needs of undergraduate and postgraduate research scholars, as well as teachers, biologists, and clinicians involved in animal treatment and orthopedic research. The book contains over 150 high-quality photographs of internal fixation techniques, X-rays, undecalcified ground sections, scanning electron microscopy, 3-D CT scans, and histopathological stained sections used in various orthopedic interventions.

This book will be a valuable resource for students, teachers, and research scholars in the field of orthopedic research, providing them with the latest information on bone research and its practical applications.

1. Bone-Basic Consideration, 2. Fracture Types and Fracture Healing, 3. Role of Different Minerals Vitamins and Hormones in Fracture Healing in Animals, 4. Bone Grafts, Bone Substitutes and Bone Bioimplants in Small Animals Orthopaedics, 5. Internal Fracture Fixation in Small Animal, 6.   Application of Plaster Cast/Splint for Fracture Immobilization and Other Bandaging Procedure in Small Animals, 7. Bone Morphogenetic Proteins-Novel Regulators of Bone Formation, 8.Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-?) in Bone Remodeling, 9. In vitro Osteoinduction Potential of Silica Coated Hydroxyapatite Bioscaffold Seeded with Mesenchymal Stem Cell, 10. Mesenchymal Stem Cells of Different Origin in Regeneration of Critical Sized Bone Defect, 11. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Seeded Bioceramic Construct for Bone Regeneration in Large Critical-Size Bone Defect, 12. Embryonic Stem Cell (ESC) Hydroxyapatite Construct with Growth Proteins for the Repair of Bone Defects, 13. Effect of Herbal Magacal on Fracture Healing, 14. Effect of Bone Wax on Fracture Healing, 15. Effect of Prostaglandin (PGE2) on Fracture Healing, 16. Effect of Gonadotropic Hormone (Gnrh) on Fracture Healing, 17. Evaluation of Herb, Cissus Quadrangularis (Hardjore) on Fracture Healing, 18. Role of Anabolic Steriod on Fracture Healing, 19. Role of Sex Hormone Progesterone on Fracture Healing, 20. Effect of Ultrasound Therapy on Fracture Healing, 21. Effect of Non-Steroid Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID) on Fracture Healing, 22. Minimally Invasive Fracture Repair Techniques and Biological Osteosynthesis, 23. Management of Comminuted Femoral Fracture by Different Internal Fixation Techniques, 24.Comparative Study of Two Different Fixation Techniques in the Management of Tibial Metaphyseal Fracture, 25. Endocrine Responses on Fracture Healing, 26.Evaluation of Composite Bone Grafts and Ceramic Implants in Fracture Healing, 27. Physiotherapy and Postoperative Rehabilitation for Orthopedic Patients