Fundamentals of Human Physiology offers a clear, comprehensive, and engaging exploration of how the human body functions. Designed for students and professionals in food science, nutrition, home science, and allied health disciplines, the book bridges foundational physiological principles with their practical applications in health, disease, and nutrition.

Through twelve well-structured chapters, readers are guided from the fundamentals of cellular mechanisms and homeostasis to the integrated workings of the major body systems. Each chapter blends scientific depth with clinical and nutritional relevance, helping readers connect theory to everyday health and wellness contexts. Richly illustrated with diagrams, tables, and flowcharts, the text promotes clear understanding and retention of complex concepts.

Distinctive features such as “Nutrition Links” and “Applied Insights” emphasize the interdependence of physiology and dietary practice, encouraging readers to think critically about the physiological basis of nutrition and disease prevention. The book’s accessible language, structured layout, and balanced approach make it an ideal core academic text as well as a practical reference for students, educators, and health professionals alike.

Combining scientific rigour with clarity, Fundamentals of Human Physiology equips readers with a solid understanding of the systems that sustain human life — inspiring them to apply physiological knowledge in ways that enhance health, performance, and wellbeing.

Dr.  Avantina Sharma, PhD
Professor of Practice, CSJMU, Kanpur, DAAD Scholar, Ex. Adj. Asst. Professor, CUNY, New York, USA
Culinary Nutritionist
 

Dr. Avantina Sharma, Ph.D., is a distinguished Professor of Practice and an awarded academician with over 15 years of international experience in the fields of nutrition and wellness. A DAAD Scholar from the University of Potsdam, Germany, she earned her doctorate in Nutrition from India. Her teaching and research experience spans institutions across India, Europe, and the United States, including the City University of New York. She has also worked in the private sector as the Chief Nutrition Advisor at BeatO, India.

Her work integrates scientific understanding with applied health strategies through her DESS approach—Diet, Exercise, Stress, and Sleep Management—aimed at promoting well-being. She consults individuals and companies towards healthy and happy living. She has authored several widely used academic texts, including Textbook of Food Science and Technology, Principles of Therapeutic Nutrition and Dietetics, Food Product Development, and Bio-management of Postharvest Diseases and Mycotoxigenic Fungi.

Preface
Chapter 1: Introduction to Human Physiology
    Definition and scope of physiology
    Homeostasis and feedback mechanisms
    Levels of structural organisation
    Overview of body systems
Chapter 2: Cell Physiology
    Structure and functions of the cell
    Plasma membrane transport (diffusion, osmosis, active transport)
    Organelles and their functions
    Cell signalling basics
    Introduction to cell cycle and apoptosis
Chapter 3: Blood and Body Fluids
    Composition and functions of blood
    Haematopoiesis and blood cell types
    Plasma proteins, blood groups, and immunity overview
    Haemostasis and clotting
    Lymph and tissue fluid dynamics
Chapter 4: Cardiovascular System
    Anatomy of the heart and blood vessels (basic)
    Physiology of cardiac cycle
    Blood pressure and its regulation
    Pulse, cardiac output, ECG basics
Chapter 5: Respiratory System
    Mechanics of breathing
    Lung volumes and capacities
    Gas exchange and transport
    Regulation of respiration
Chapter 6: Digestive System
    Structure and function of digestive organs
    Phases of digestion and absorption
    Digestive enzymes and hormones
    Gut microbiome introduction
    Nutrient assimilation pathways
Chapter 7: Excretory System
    Structure and functions of kidneys
    Mechanism of urine formation
    Regulation of water and electrolytes
    Acid-base balance
Chapter 8: Nervous System
    Organisation: Central and Peripheral
    Functional unit: Neuron and synapse
    Reflex arc and types of reflexes
    Autonomic nervous system
Chapter 9: Endocrine System
    Introduction to endocrine glands
    Hormone functions and feedback control
    Role of hormones in metabolism
    Endocrine-nutrient interactions
Chapter 10: Reproductive System
    Male and female reproductive anatomy and physiology
    Menstrual cycle and hormonal control
    Fertilisation and pregnancy
    Lactation and menopause
    Applications in maternal and child health
Chapter 11: Musculoskeletal System
    Types of muscles and structure
    Muscle contraction physiology
    Bone physiology and calcium homeostasis
    Joints and movement
    Applied perspectives in rehabilitation, posture, exercise physiology
Chapter 12: Special Senses and Integumentary System
    Eye: vision pathway
    Ear: hearing and balance
    Taste and smell
    Skin structure and thermoregulation
    Applied aspects like wound care, sensory impairment