This book aims to provide an in-depth examination of all known abiotic stresses and their impact on the various physiological processes in plants. The first chapter serves as an introduction to abiotic stress and its overall effects on crops, while the second chapter delves into the effects of stress on seed germination, seedling growth, and root development. The third chapter focuses on biological nitrogen fixation under abiotic stress, while the fourth chapter examines the growth, development, and phenology of crop plants under environmental stress. The fifth chapter explores the effects of abiotic stress on photosynthesis, and the sixth chapter discusses mineral nutrition and the role of different nutrients in overcoming abiotic stress. The seventh chapter focuses on transgenic approaches to enhance drought tolerance, while the eighth chapter examines the effects of abiotic stress on plant respiration. These review chapters highlight the importance of understanding the physiological mechanisms of crops in improving crop yield. The study of crop physiology can assist cereal breeding by improving our understanding of the factors that determine crop yield and adaptation, defining secondary traits to select, indicating the kind of genetically modified organisms with potential for development and how to test them, and phenotyping associated with marker-assisted selection.

1. Abiotic Stress: An Introduction by A. Bhattacharya 2. Seed Germination, Seedling Growth and Root Development Under Abiotic Stresses by A. Bhattacharya 3. Nitrogen Fixation Under Salinity, Low and High Temperature and Moisture by Raj Bahadur 4. Growth, Development and Phenology Under Abiotic Stress Condition by A. Bhattacharya 5. Photosynthesis Under Abiotic Stress Conditions by A. Bhattacharya 6. Abiotic Stress and Mineral Nutrition in Plants by A. Bhattacharya 7. Transgenic Approaches for Enhanced Drought Tolerance (EDT) in Plants by Alok Das, Shallu Thakur, P.S. Basu and N.P. Singh 8. Abiotic Stresses and Respiration in Plants by A. Bhattacharya