Underutilized and Underexploited Horticultural Crops: Vol 01

Peter, K.V.

ImprintNIPA
ISBN 9788189422608
Year2007
Pages394 pages, 25cm
LanguageEnglish

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Underutilized and underexploited horticultural crops form an integral part of health food green parks, neutraceutical industry, home decorations, renewable sources of green energy and above all food reserves during calamities. Leaf vegetables like agathi, chekkurmanis, waterleaf, drumstick leaf, basella and colacasia leaf are rich in fibre, minerals and beta carotenes. Cucurbits like ash gourd, pointed gourd, ivy gourd, kekrol, snap melons and chow-chow are rich in iron and amino acids. Fruits like karonda, aonla and cherries are highly nutritious and are suited to less moisture soils. Noni is a fruit for health. Noni juice is recommended against diabetes, obesity and sleeplessness. Among spices, long pepper, mint, celery, fenugreek and garcenia possess medicinal properties. There are a large number of underexploited medicinal plants like tulsi and peppermint with considerable economic value. Underutilized crops like in Tripura, Orissa and Kerala are specially mentioned. There is need to broaden the food basket with lesser know crops. There is a shift from Health Care to Wellness Industry. Prevention is always better then cure. The present volume deals with underexploited and underutilized horticultural crops in its totality. The contributors of each are working scientists in the specific crop.
K.V. Peter: Professor of Horticulture and Former Vice-Chancellor, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur - 680 656, Kerala (India)
General: 1. Genetic Resources of Underutilized Horticultural Crops in Tripura by Sankaran, M. Singh; N.P and Jai Prakash Underutilized Tuber Crops: 2. Arrow Root by Jose Mathew 3.Coleus ( Coleus Parviflorus Benth .) by Rajmohan, K. 4. Larger Yam by Jayakrishna Kumar 5. Lesser Yam by Jayakrishna Kumar 6. Winged Beans by Prasanna, K.P. 7. Yam Beans by Devadas, V.S. Underutilized Ornamentals: 8. Indigenous Ornamental Plants of Western Ghats by Rajasekharan, P.E. 9. Domestication of Underutilized Species for Ornamental Values by Datta, S.K. 10.Underutilized Orchids of Orissa by Sagar Mohapatra and Kambaska Kumar Behera 11.Promising Indian Barlerias of Ornamental Potential by Mayur, Y. Kamble; Sandeep R. Pai and Shendage, S.M. 12.Exacum bicolor - An Elegant Wild Flowering Herbs by Sreelatha, U.; T. S. Baburaj and Narayanan, Kutty C. 13.Use of Dehydration Technique for Utilization of Unutilized Rural Flora for Preparation of Diversified Value Added Products by Datta, S.K. Underutilized Herbs and Spices: 14. Underutilized Herbs and Spices by Ravindran, P.N; Geetha S Pillai and Nirmal Babu, K. Underutilized Vegetables: 15. Tropical Cucurbits and Their Improvement by K.V. Peter, P.G. Sadhan Kumar and T.E. George 16. Basella by Varalakshmi , B. 17. Chow-Chow by Pitchaimuthu, M. 18. Ivy Gourd by Bharathi, L.K. 19. Melothria by Bharathi, L.K. 20. Spine Gourd by Bharathi, L.K; G. Naik, H.S. Singh and Dora, D.K. Underutilized Fruits: 21. Participatory Management of Indigenous Mango Germplasm by Pradeep Kumar, T; John Kutty, I and Peter, K.V. 22. Indian Noni (Marinda Citrifolia L.) —A Unique Fruit Crop with High Medicinal Value by Abu Saleha; Manju Kamath L, and Peter, P.I. 23. Karonda (Carissa conjesta) - An Underutilized Fruit Crop by Dinesh Kumar; Pandey V. and Vishal Nath 24. Tamarind by Gajanana, T.M; Gowda, I.N.D. and Reddy, B.M.C.

	S. No.	Chapter Name	Author Name	Author Detail	Pages		Price
	1	Genetic Resources of Underutilized Horticultural Crops in Tripura	Sankaran, M., Singh, N.P. and Jai Prakash	ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Tripura Centre, Lembucherra, Tripura (W) 799 210	20	Read More	USD 19.99
Tripura is situated between 22º 56’to 240 32’ N latitude and 91010’ to 92021’E longitude with tropic of cancer passing through it. The total geographical area of state is about 10,491 km2 of which 57.98 % area is under forest cover. Agriculture is an important sector in the state, which contributes 26 % of the State GDP of which the major contribution is from horticultural crops like fruits (pineapple, litchi and oranges), vegetables (potato TPS), plantation crops (cashew nut, coconut, rubber and tea) and spices (ginger, turmeric and black pepper). More than 75 % of the population either directly or indirectly depends on agriculture. The small and marginal farmers constitute about 90 % of total farming community and the average size of land holding is 0.97 ha (1990-91) in comparison to 1.25 ha (1976-77), which is the lowest among the seven other North Eastern states.
	2	Arrow Root	Jose Mathew	Associate Professor, Cashew Research Station, Kerala Agricultural University, Madakkathara,Trichur	7	Read More	USD 19.99
The term arrowroot is commonly applied to many starch producing
	3	Coleus (Coleus parviflorus Benth.)	Rajmohan, K.	Associate Professor Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellayani - 695 522	8	Read More	USD 19.99
Coleus, commonly known as Chinese potato, is a minor tuber crop of the tropical regions of India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Sri Lanka and Africa. It is considered as a native of India , where its cultivation is mostly confined to the southern states. In Kerala, it is commonly known as koorka or cheevakizhangu. In Malaysia it is called ubi kemili, kentang kechil, kembili and kumbili java. It is also known as hausa potato, Sudan-potato, country potato, fra-fra potato, fra-fra-salanga, ratala, pomme de terre du Soudan, hausakartoffel, innala, saluga, tumuku and fabirama.
	4	Larger Yam	Jayakrishna Kumar	Department of Agronomy, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellayani - 695 522	20	Read More	USD 19.99
Dioscorea alata is commonly called greater yam or larger yam or water yam. This is the most widely distributed species of yam. This species originated in South East Asia, probably in Burma. From there, it first spread to India, Malaysia, Indonesia and the eastern portion of South East Asia. Later it served as food for voyagers and thereby spread to other parts of the tropics. Immigrants from India and Malaysia introduced it to Madagascar, from where it was partially introduced into East Africa and Portuguese and Spanish voyager traders of the 16th century probably introduced it into West Africa and later to West Indies.
	5	Lesser Yam	Jayakrishna kumar	Department of Agronomy, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellayani - 695 522	10	Read More	USD 19.99
Lesser yam, Lesser Asiaticyam (Dioscorea esculenta) is among the most ancient species of the genus and its centre of origin is stated by various authorities as India, Vietnam or Papua New Guinea and the Philippines. It is domesticated as a staple food in Southern China from 2nd and 3rd centuries. Today, it is widely distributed throughout the tropics, but is little used except in South East Asia, where it is grown to such an extent that it ranks third in production and utilization of yams after D. rotundata,D. cayenensis and D. alata. Wild types of D. esculenta also exist in Malaysia, New Guinea and Philippines. The wild types have more leaves, large roots, longer stolons, more fibrous tuber flesh and more thorny roots and shoots.
	6	Winged Beans	K P Prasanna	Assistant Professor, Department of Olericulture, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur - 680 656	6	Read More	USD 19.99
Edible legumes are excellent sources of dietary protein and oils. Winged bean, otherwise known as Goa bean, Manila bean, princess pea, asparagus pea or four angled bean is becoming popular as a tropical legume vegetable. It is a multivitamin and multimineral packed legume. This wonder vegetable was considered as the vegetable of the twentieth century. It is also known as ‘soya’s rival’ or ‘God sent vegetable’. All parts of the plant are edible namely leaves, flowers, immature pods, immature seeds, mature seeds and tubers. It is also named as ‘a supermarket on a stalk’ because the plant combines the desirable characteristics of common bean, pea, spinach, mushroom, soya bean and potato. Its vernacular names are: Bengali, Chara-koni-sem or lakar-sem; Tamil, Morisuavarai; Kannada, Shambe kayi; Malayalam, Chaturapayar or irachipayar and Marathi, Chavdhari ghevda.
	7	Yam Beans	V. S. Devadas	Associate Professor, Agronomic Research Station, Kerala Agricultural University,Chalakudy,Trichur	4	Read More	USD 19.99
Yam bean(Pachyrrhizus erosus), a leguminous crop, native of North America is cultivated for its edible tubers. Though six species of Pachyrrhizus are grown for tuberous roots, P. erosus, P. tuberosus and P. aphipa are important. While P. erosus(L.) Urban(2n = 22) has pods of 7.5-13 cm long, P. tuberosus has longer pods of 13-30 cm. P. aphipa is a non climbing plant with fusiform tubers and this species is mainly cultivated in Bolivia. Synonyms for P. erosus are P. angulatus, P. bulbosus and Dolichus erosus. P. erosus is the species commercially cultivated in India. Wild forms of yam bean are seen in Mexico and northern parts of Central America, where its cultivation is reported during pre-Coloumbus period. Yam bean is believed to have spread from Mexico to Philippines, Amboina before 17th century. Now, yam bean is cultivated in China, Thailand, Singapore, India and Hawaii. In India, it is grown in Bihar, West Bengal and Orissa. In Hindi, it is called as “Miskri kand” and in Bihar as “Kesaru”.
	8	Indigenous Ornamental Plants of Western Ghats	P. E. Rajasekharan	Division of Plant Genetic Resources,Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessarghatta Lake P.O, Bangalore - 560 089	27	Read More	USD 19.99
The Indian region is one of the world’s eight centres of crop plant origin and diversity, distinguished by Russian Scientist N.I. Vavilov. The region is home to a rich endemic assemblage of plants. Scrub jungles, grasslands, dry and moist deciduous forests, semi-evergreen and evergreen forests are the variety of vegetations along the Ghats. The complex terrain and heavy rainfall have helped to preserve flora and fauna in this region. The Western Ghats are an area of exceptional biological diversity and conservation interest, and are “one of the major Tropical Evergreen Forest Regions in India”. This region is extremely rich in floristic diversity and most of the species are not exploited so far. There are many underutilized endemic flowering plants found in Western Ghats having ornamental value.
	9	Domestication of Underutilized Species for Ornamental Values	S. K. Datta	Botanic Garden and Floriculture Division, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226 001	10	Read More	USD 19.99
In literal sense a species is called underutilized whose potential has not been properly realized. These underutilized crops (referred to also by other terms such as minor, orphan, neglected, underutilized, underexploited, underdeveloped, lost, new, novel, promising, alternative, local, traditional, niche crops) have been included in world-wide plans of action after having successfully raised the interest of decision makers. Wealth of plant genetic diversity currently available holds vast potential. We use only small number of crop plants for our basic requirements. Many thousands of wild plants have great economic and cultural importance and tremendous market potential for vast numbers of people throughout the world. But the majority are still unknown to science. Plant genetic resources have gained global attention in recent past by agricultural and environmental institutions. Conservation and use of genetic resources attracted considerable attention. Value of biological diversity in economic terms is very important for human society.
	10	Underutilized Orchids of Orissa	Sagar Mohapatra, Kambaska Kumar Behera	Sagar Mohapatra, Kambaska Kumar Behera, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology,	20	Read More	USD 19.99
India is one of the 17 mega biodiversity hot spot of the world contributing to the worlds largest plant resource,from the long stretches of the Eastern Ghats on the east, the greater Himalayan range on the northern planes and Western Ghats on the west. The Eastern Ghats range is unique on its own way to host many valuable flora from time immemorial. The Eastern Ghats are spread over four states from the north east to south east. Among the four states Orissa is one of them consisting of diversified floral resource. Orchids, more than any other plants, exert a mysterious fascination for most people. All the wild Orchids of tropical regions are highly puzzling and peculiar. These largest spectacular plants of monocot belongs to family Orchidaceae consisting of more than 17,000 known wild species including 750 genera in the world and the present figure of hybrids among these touches around 80,000 (Rao, T.A., 1998). This family is cosmopolitan in nature having more species in tropics than the temperate regions. This family of monocotyledonous plants has evolved from prototypes of the lily and amaryllis family and is note worthy for the wide variety of its highly specialized and curiously modified forms.
	11	Promising Indian Barlerias of Ornamental Potential	Mayur Y. Kamble, Sandeep R. Pai, S. M. Shendage, G. B. Dixit, P. D. Chavan, U. S. Yadav* & S. R. Yadav	Department of Botany, Shivaji University, Kolhapur (MS), *Department of Botany, Willingdon College, Sangali, (MS)	15	Read More	USD 19.99
Barleria L. (Acanthaceae) is a pantropical genus of herbs and shrubs comprising about 300 species, occurring mainly in Africa and Asia. In India, the genus is represented by about 32 species of which 24 are endemic to India. About 80 % of the species are found in Peninsular India. Many species of Barleria are of ornamental value and can be grown for their foliage and showy colorful flowers. There are certain indigenous species which show good growth performance in cultivation and have economic importance as ornamentals. Moreover, some species fall under IUCN categories of threatened plants which need immediate attention for their conservation. Considering the horticultural importance especially in landscape gardening and rarity of Barlerias, various species found in India are collected and cultivated through various methods in the Botanical Garden of Shivaji University, Kolhapur.
	12	Underutilized Herbs and Spices	P. N. RavindraN, Geetha S PillaI & K Nirmal BabU**	Centre for Medicinal Plants Research, Arya Vaidya Sala, Kottakkal - 676 503, * Indian Institute of Spices Research, Calicut - 676 012	62	Read More	USD 19.99
In ancient days spices and herbs were valued as basic ingredients of incense, embalming preservatives, ointments, perfumes, antidotes against poisons, cosmetics and medicines and were used less in culinary preparations. A notable use of spices and herbs in ancient and medieval times were for the treatment of a variety of illnesses. Subsequently spices and herbs had come to be used to flavour food and beverages. In the course of time spices and herbs were shown to be useful not only for making the food lasting and palatable, but also in retarding or preventing rancidity and spoilage. This knowledge acted as a catalyst for the use of spices in a variety of processed foods. Based on the uses, herbs and spices are classified in to culinary, cosmetic and pharmaceutical. In the modern world spices have wide affiliation in the culinary art of people around the world, and are used in food industry for flavouring and seasoning, as well as in pharmaceutical preparations in the traditional systems of medicine and in beauty care. Spices and herbs are useful because of the chemical constituents contained in the form of essential oil, oleoresin, oleogum and resins, which impart flavour, pungency and colour to prepared dishes.
	13	Tropical Cucurbits and Their Improvement			14	Read More	USD 19.99
Major cucurbits grown in India are cucumber, watermelon, Being warm season crops, cucurbits are tropical in origin, mostly in Africa, Tropical America and Asia. Flowering in cucurbits normally start in 40 to 45 days after sowing depending on weather conditions. Sequence of flowering follows a set pattern, namely the first 4 to 6 flowering nodes would bear staminate flowers and later pistillate flowers appear. Many sex forms are seen in cucurbits viz., monoecious, dioecious, gynoecious,trimonoecious, gynomonoecious and andromonoecious. Sex modification is also possible in cucurbits by exogenous application of plant growth regulators. GA3 and AgNO3 are used for inducing male flowers in gynoecious lines. Conversely,ethrel and TIBA are used to promote greater number of female flowers. This kind of sex modification is more useful and practicable in cucumber and bottle gourd where continuous and simultaneous flowering, fruit set and fruit picking take place.
	14	Basella	B. VARALAKSHMI	Division of Vegetable Crops, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post , Bangalore – 560089 (India)	8	Read More	USD 19.99
Basella (Basella alba syn Basella rubra) is also known as Poi, Ceylon spinach, Malabar spinach, Indian spinach or vine spinach. It is a popular leaf vegetable grown in almost all parts of India and widely grown in North-East and South India. Besides India, it is widely cultivated in tropical Asia and Africa. It is a climbing perennial plant, but is sometimes cultivated as an annual vegetable. The plant is succulent with tender leaves. It is a fast growing, productive leaf vegetable for home gardens and market growers.
	15	Chow-Chow	M.Pitchaimuthu	Senior Scientist, Division of Vegetable Crops Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessarghatta Lake Post, Bangalore - 560 089	19	Read More	USD 19.99
Chow-Chow [Sechium edule (Jacq.) Swartz] is used in many parts of Latin America, humid tropical regions of Central America and Southern Mexico. It is cultivated in South East Asia (India, Malaysia, Indonesia and Phillipines), Central and Western Africa, Central and South America (Brazil) and other tropical regions. (Dutta 1994). In India, local cultivars are commonly grown in coastal and low-hills (1000-2000m) of Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Tamilnadu. In Tamil, it is called “Seeme Kattrikkai” (Bailey, 1947). It is an important part of dietary system of tribals of North East Regions. It is found in kitchen gardens of every tribal. It is found in almost all states and regions but maximum variability is found in Sikkim, Mizoram and Meghalaya (Yadav et al., 2005). Its variable fruits and roots, are important elements in diet of people. Chow-Chow is widespread and is an important export crop for Latin American countries, much still need to be learned about this crop (Rafael Lira Saade,1996). Chow-Chow is a single seeded fruit of Cucurbitaceous family (MacGillivray, 1953). It is a perennial rooted vine that bears edible fruits (Thompson and Kelly, 1957). In subtropical and tropical regions, it produces large edible tuberous roots. It thrives under moderate temperature in tropical or semi-tropical environment, though it can also be successfully grown under high temperature near sea level. Chow-Chow is a herbaceous perennial creeper (Choudhury, 1967) and is a robust grower in warmer months of year and during cold weather of July and August plant dies back temporarily. It has a viviparous type of germination (Patnaik, 1967). S.edule is called chayote, probably from Greek ‘Sekos’ to fatten in a fold because it was fed to hogs ( Bailey, 1963).
	16	Ivy Gourd	L.K. Bharathi	Central Horticultural Experimental Station, Bhubaneswar	8	Read More	USD 19.99
Ivy gourd (Coccinia grandis(L) Voigt. Syn.cordifolia Cogn.,C.indica Wight and Arn,Bryonia grandisL. Family.Cucurbitaceae) is an aggressively climbing vine that spreads quickly over trees, shrubs, fences or other supports. It is also called scarlet fruited gourd or little gourd. The name is derived from the Latin coccineus, meaning scarlet,in reference to fruit colour (Wagner et al.,1999). Vernacular names are kundru (hindi), kovakka, kova (malayalam), kovakkai, kovai(tamil), thondakayi (kannada), dondakaya (telugu). Coccinia shoot is a good source of calcium, iron, and fiber and has good texture (Anon., 2002). It is grown mostly in homestead farms for tender fruits in almost all regions of the country. It bears fruits almost through out the year where mild winter prevails. In regions where severe winter occurs, it bears fruit for 8-9 months. Although this is considered as a an under utilized vegetable, it is grown extensively in Chattisgarh, West Bengal, Bihar and Karnataka on a commercial scale and giving remunerative returns to farmers. Availability of better cultivars and knowledge of many other preparations and uses of this crop can propel its evolution from an under utilized species to an important horticultural crop in Indian Agriculture.
	17	Melothria	L.K. Bharathi	Central Horticultural Experimental Station, Bhubaneswar	5	Read More	USD 19.99
Clasping stemmed Solena or diversely leaved Melothria or creeping cucumber (Solena amplexicaulis Lam. Syn. Bryonia amplexicaulis (Lam), Melothria heterophylla (Lour), Melothria angulata Chakrav) is an indigenous cucurbit vegetable occuring in nature nearby cultivated areas on hedges or in open fields In Greek Solen means’ a tube,pipe’ refering to the nature of its flowers. The vernacular names are Bon-kundari, kudari, makal, mahakal (bengali), gometti (marati), kanduri, kuduri (bundelkhand), bankakra (champa), gometi (gujarati, anatmul, mahakal, taarali, kaduri (hindi),makirla (chattirgarh), kaage mari balli (kanarese) etc. This is a perennial vine, dioecious in nature. Tender fruits are used as salad, curry and fried vegetable. It has significant medicinal value also. In tribal regions of Orissa, fruits of Melothria are considered as delicacy. Visualizing the delicate nature of its fruits, it has great potential as a salad crop in future.
	18	Spine Gourd	L.K. Bharathi, G. Naik, H.S. Singh and D.K. Dora	Central Horticultural Experimental Station,Bhubeneswaar	7	Read More	USD 19.99
Spine gourd or teasle gourd (Momordica dioica : Roxb Syn.Momordica roxburghii G. Don, M. wallichi, M J Roem) is a rhizomatous, perennial and distinctly dioecious species of family Cucurbitaceae and grows widely in many parts of India, mostly confined to Eastern and South Eastern states. Vernacular names are kartoli,kakrol,meethakarela, padora, bhatt karela, palupagal, tumba, tumpai, golkandra, kankad, kankera, bara-karela, kankoda, kankodan, kantola and phalguni. In India it is mainly grown in Orissa, Bihar, and West Bengal .It is found in nature in the Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Kerala and Maharashtra especially in areas with the least human interference. This is a delicacy for its typical taste, attributed to high seed protein content. It also contains high amount of carotene (162 µg/100 g of edible portion) (Gopalan et al., 1982) and its tuberous roots have medicinal value too. It is a cheap source of vitamins and minerals (Bhuiya et al., 1977). This vegetable is gaining popularity because of its high demand in market. Certain limitations like lack of awareness among farmers, non-availability of quality planting materials of standard varieties, unpredictable sex ratio in seedling progenies are arresting the expected spread of this nutritious vegetable (Ali et al., 1991).
	19	Participatory Management of Indigenous Mango Germplasm	T. Pradeep kumar, I. John kutty, and K.V. Peter*	College of Agriculture, Padannakkad - 671 328, *College of Horticulture, Kerala Agriculture University Thrissur - 680 656	4	Read More
Mango is the choicest fruit of tropical world. Originated in Indo-Malayan region (Mukherjee, 1985), more than one thousand varieties are under commercial cultivation in India (Mukherjee 1949). South Indian varieties of mango are distinct (Yadav and Singh, 1985). Naik and Gangolly (1950) described 135 South Indian varieties, taking fruit character as the main criteria. North Kerala experiencing humid tropical climate is an important zone of variability of mango (Kannan, 1982). Polyembryonic mango cultivars like ‘Vellaikolamban’, ‘Kurukkan’ and ‘Bappakkai’ are traditionally grown here. Over the years, there is erosion in gene pool of rich varietal wealth due to deforestation, urbanisation and large scale rubber cultivation in Kerala. Establishment of field gene bank is an important ex situ conservation strategy. Systematic attempts to conserve genepool resulted in collection of more than 1266 varieties in various field gene banks in our country (Chadha, 1976). Field Gene Bank (FGB) has the advantage of being continuously evaluated and desired accessions can immediately be utilized directly or in breeding programmes. Field gene bank very often represents only a fraction of variability of the gene pool and enrichment of the collection is always required for capturing available diversity.
	20	Indian Noni (Marinda citrifolia L), A Unique Fruit Crop with High Medicinal Value	Abu Saleha, L. Manju Kamath, P.I. Peter	Indian Noni Cultivation Council, 85, First Main Road, Gandhi Nagar, Adyar, Chennai – 600 020	12	Read More	USD 19.99
Morinda citrifolia L is a unique horticultural plant belonging to Rubiaceae family. It has a tremendous demand because of its high medicinal value. Increase in demand has led to commercial farming of the tree. Noni is an ideal plant for mixed farming with other horticultural plantations. There is concurrent efforts to select early bearing plants with big size and fruits. Noni can be grown in any type of soil under adverse climatic conditions. Crop Improvement, nutritional requirement, water requirement, pest and disease management are the research priorities in Morinda citrifolia.
	21	Karonda (Carissa conjesta) =- An Underutilized Fruit Crop	DINESH KUMAR , V.PANDEY AND VISHAL NATH	Central Horticultural Experiment Station, Aiginia, Bhubaneswar-751 019	13	Read More	USD 19.99
Karonda is an indigenous, under utilized fruit of India. It is a hardy multipurpose horticultural bush flourishing well without much care in arid and semi-arid areas. At present ,emphasis is being laid on protection and production value of karonda plant. It is grown as hedge for beautification which serves as one of the best bio-fencing materials because of thorny nature. It is also grown as an ornamental plant due to its beautiful cherry like fruits. Karonda plants are useful in many ways as detailed below: Fruit: Karonda fruit is a rich source of iron and contains a fair amount of vitamin C, and therefore very useful for curing of anaemia and has antiscorbutic properties. Enthomedically, fruits are used as an astringent, antisorbutic and as a remedy for biliousness. Mature fruit contains high amount of pectin and therefore, besides being used for making pickles and chutney, it can be exploited for making jelly. Raw fruit can be used for making chatney.
	22	Tamarind	T.M. Gajanana, I.N.D. Gowda and B.M.C. Reddy	Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bangalore - 560 089	17	Read More	USD 19.99
Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) or Imli is also called Indian Date. It is a large broad leaved, tropical tree found in India and many parts of Asia. Tamarind is native to tropical Africa and grows wild throughout Sudan. It was introduced to India so long ago that it is now reported as indigenous. Sometimes during sixteenth century, it was introduced into America and today it is widely grown in Mexico. There are large areas of marginal and waste lands, which are not suitable for cultivation of fruits like banana, citrus, sapota, litchi, mango, pomegranate etc., either due to poor quality of soil or lack of water resources. Such lands are suitable for cultivation of underutilized fruit crops like tamarind which is not so popular among farmers due to following reasons:
	23	Simarouba (Simarouba glauca DC.)	Ramajayam, Syamasundar Joshi, Shantha Joshi and P.K. Mishra	Central Soil and Water Conservation Research and Training Institute, Dehradun	24	Read More	USD 19.99
Plants yielding oilseeds are economically important in India next only to food crops and play an important role for sustainability of cropping systems and soil health. Oilseeds scenario in the country underwent a sea change in last fifteen years. India changed from net importer in 1980s to a net exporter during early 1990s. Again, it is back to net importer importing more than 40 % of its annual edible oil needs. Country’s demand for edible oils is rising to double the current level of 4% (as against productivity growth of 2% in 1986-2001) in next 12 years (Hegde 2004). To meet challenges of oilseeds production, there is need to adopt multi-pronged strategy which involves enhancing production through area expansion and productivity improvement through improved technologies and value addition . As a progressive step in this direction of self sufficiency, there is need to identify alternative oilseed trees/plants which can be grown in wastelands. There are more than 300 different kinds of tree species which bear seeds rich in oil and introduction of simarouba is an important step in this direction. National Oilseeds and Vegetable Oil Development (NOVOD) Board under Ministry of Agriculture identified simarouba as a potential Tree Bearing Oilseed (TBO) for popularization in India and placed it in first place in their list of importance.
	24	Aonla Cultivars	V.K. rAO AND S.K. SHARMA	Department of Horticulture, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology Hill Campus, Ranichauri, Tehri-Garhwal, Uttaranchal - 249 199	10	Read More	USD 19.99
Aonla or Indian Gooseberry (Emhlica officinalis Gaertn. syn. Phyllanthus embfica L.). belonging to family Euphorbiaceae. is an indigenous fruittree to Indian sub continent. It is one of the most important commercial crops suitable for marginal soils and various kinds of waste lands particularly salt affected lands. A lot of genetic variability is available in India with respect to growth and fruit quality characteristics of aonla. Almost all the budded varieties of aonla were selected from naturally occurring superior chance seedlings having in view their earliness, lateness, hardiness to adverse conditions, yield and superior fruit quality.

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