Temperate Fruits provides a comprehensive overview of the cultivation, management, and production technologies of major temperate fruit crops grown in diverse agro-climatic regions. The book systematically covers important fruit species including apple, pear, peach, plum, apricot, almond, walnut, cherry, kiwi, strawberry, pistachio, pecan nut, chestnut, hazelnut, and persimmon. Special emphasis is placed on horticultural zones of India, rootstock technologies, orchard establishment, propagation methods, nutrient management, canopy management, pest and disease control, harvesting, and postharvest handling.

The text integrates scientific principles with practical production approaches to support sustainable and profitable temperate horticulture. Designed for undergraduate and postgraduate students, researchers, horticulturists, extension professionals, and fruit growers, the book serves as a valuable academic and field-oriented resource. With its crop-wise systematic presentation and focus on modern horticultural practices, the volume contributes to strengthening scientific knowledge and advancing commercial temperate fruit cultivation in India and other temperate fruit-growing regions.

Dr. S. Firoz Hussain, Scientist (Horticulture), completed U.G. P.G. and Ph.D (Fruit Science) from Dr. YSR Horticultural University finishing his research work at ICAR – Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta, Bengaluru. He has written twelve research articles published in national and international journals. He is a recipient of UGC – Maulana Azad National Fellowship (Ph.D). He received best Ph.D thesis award from Society for Horticultural Research and Development for his research work on ‘’Response of different propagules and chemicals on inducing flowering and fruiting in pomegranate cv. Bhagwa during the year 2022. He worked as Teaching Associate in the Department of Fruit Science in Dr. YSRHU – College of Horticulture, Anantharajupeta from 2017 to 2022. He received silver medal for his oral presentation on Effect of different propagules and chemicals on induction of flowering in pomegranate cv. Bhagwa from Society for subtropical Horticulture and Development, ICAR – CISH, Lucknow. He is currently working as the Scientist (Horticulture), Dr. YSRHU – Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Vonipenta, Mydukur Mandal, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh. In the capacity of Farm Manager at KVK, he established mango field gene bank with mango varieties like Amrapali, Bangalora, Rumani, Alphonso and hybrids like Arka Aruna, Arka Anmol, Arka Neelkiran, Arka Puneet, Arka Udaya and Arka Suprabhath. At KVK, he conducted OFTs on Introduction of new onion variety NHRDF Advance Line 883, Demonstration of new coriander varieties Sustira and Surabhi and Demonstration of new ridge gourd varieties Arka Prasan and Arka Vikram and FLDs on Demonstration on application of Arka banana special and KH2 PO4 for improved yield and quality of banana, Demonstration on regulation of flowering in acid lime for increased yield and quality and Demonstration on regulation of flowering and fruiting in pomegranate for increased yield and quality.

Dr. J. Dinakara Adiga, Director of ICAR-DCR, Puttur, Karnataka, Project Coordinator, AICRP-Cashew. University topper with 3 gold medals for Master of Science (Horticulture) and topper in Ph.D (Horticulture). Worked as Assistant Horticulturist at Central Coffee Research Institute, Karnataka, India and handled projects on genetic improvement and propagation of coffee. Worked as Assistant Professor of Horticulture at Kittur Rani Chennamma College of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka, India from 2000 to 2007. During this period, 18 courses on Plant Propagation and Nursery Management, Horticultural Biotechnology, Growth and Development of Horticultural Crops, Growth Regulators in Horticulture, Commercial Floriculture, Ornamental Horticulture, Tissue culture and Green House Technology were taught for Under Graduate and Post Graduate students in Horticulture. Also guided 15 students as Chairman or member of Advisory Committee for post graduate programmes. Worked as Senior Scientist (Horticulture - Fruit Science) from 2007 to 2015 at ICARDirectorate of Cashew Research (Indian Council of Agricultural Research), Puttur, Karnataka, India, and worked on projects like Genetic Improvement of Cashew, Rootstock studies in Cashew, Effect of Paclobutrazol in Cashew and Performance of High Yielding Varieties under different High Density Planting Systems in Cashew.

J. Dinakara Adiga was born in 1969 at Udupi District of Karnataka State. He completed his bachelor degree in Horticulture with distinction from the University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore in 1990. He completed Master Degree in Horticulture obtaining first rank with three gold medals from the same University in 1993. He completed his doctoral degree in Horticulture in 1997 scoring highest marks with distinction from the University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore. For his dissertation he worked on standardizing the technology for in vitro clonal propagation of Singapore jack (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) using tree explants. He was awarded with University merit scholarship for Master’s and Doctoral degree programmes. Initially he worked as Research Associate at the University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore in a project on Development of hybrid pomegranate with high yield and good consumer preference. Later he worked as Assistant Horticulturist at Central Coffee Research Institute, Karnataka, India, wherein he was involved in projects on genetic improvement About the Editors iii and propagation of coffee. Further, he worked as Assistant Professor of Horticulture at Kittur Rani Chennamma College of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka, India from 2000 to 2007. During this period he taught courses like Plant Propagation, Nursery Management, Horticultural Biotechnology, Growth and Development of Horticultural Crops, Growth Regulators in Horticulture, Commercial Floriculture, Ornamental Horticulture, Tissue culture and Green House Technology for Under Graduate and Post Graduate students in Horticulture. During the period,he also guided 15 students as Chairman or member of Advisory Committee for post graduate programmes. He was also a member of expert committee for sanction of financial assistance to farmers of Belgaum district of Karnataka under National Horticulture Mission programme of Government of India. He has also served as Assistant editor of Journal of Asian Horticulture. Subsequently, he worked as Senior Scientist (Horticulture-Fruit Science) at Directorate of Cashew Research (Indian Council of Agricultural Research), Puttur, Karnataka, India, wherein he worked on projects like Genetic Improvement of Cashew, Root stock studies in Cashew, Effect of Paclobutrazol in Cashew and Performance of High Yielding Varieties under different High Density Planting Systems in Cashew. He also guided students for Doctoral degree programmes. As PI of the project on Genetic Improvement of Cashew, he identified first jumbo nut cashew hybrid of the country and generated many interspecific hybrid progenies. Later, he worked as Professor of Fruit Science at College of Horticulture (under University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot), Bangalore. During the period at University, he offered undergraduate, post graduate and Ph.D. courses in Fruit Science. He also guided students for M.Sc and PhD programmes in Fruit Science. He has organized international conference on “Green technologies for health and environment – Policies and Issues” as convener of the conference. He was the recipient of four awards, namely Prof. P.B.Patil memorial Fruit Science award, SESR Agronomist award, Scire Science Environmentalist award and Accomplished Researcher Award. He has also served in editorial committee of Indian Journal of Horticulture and “Corm- The journal of Floriculture”. Later, he worked as Principal Scientist (Horticulture-Fruit Science) at ICARDCR, Puttur. So far, he has handled more than 10 research projects on various aspects of Horticulture and published more than 100 research articles apart from publishing 4 text books. His has extensively worked on genetic improvement of cashew, rootstock studies in cashew and studies on phenology and pruning in cashew. He is involved in releasing three jumbo nut cashew hybrids and a iv Temperate Fruits dual-purpose cashew variety. He has developed 15 technologies in various horticultural crops and obtained 14 copyrights. He has also served as Secretary of Quinquennial Review Team (QRT) of ICAR (Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi), Government of India, to review the progress of research work carried out at Directorate of Cashew Research and All India Coordinated Research Projects on Cashew operating at different cashew growing regions of the country. He is presently the member of National Level sub group on Cashew for Revised Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme of Govt. of India. He is a fellow of International Society for Noni Science and life member of many prestigious societies related to Horticulture. He is presently working as Director and Project Coordinator of AICRP on Cashew, ICAR-Directorate of Cashew Research, Puttur. Recently, two of his hybrids, Nethra Jumbo-1 and Nethra Ganga were dedicated to nation by Hon’ble Prime Minister of India Sri. Narendra Modiji.

Dr. K. Dhanumjaya Rao is an eminent horticultural scientist, academic leader and administrator with more than 27 years of experience spanning teaching, research and university governance. He currently serves as the Vice-Chancellor of Dr. YSR Horticultural University, where he provides strategic leadership in advancing horticultural education, research and extension services. Dr. Rao obtained his Ph.D. in Horticulture (Pomology) from the prestigious ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi in 1998. He earned his M.Sc. (Horticulture) in 1994 and B.Sc. (Horticulture) in 1992 from Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. Prior to his appointment as Vice-Chancellor in December 2025, Dr. Rao served as Director of Industrial and International Programmes and Senior Professor (Hort.) at Dr. YSR Horticultural University. His career is marked by several pivotal roles, including Principal Scientist and Head at Cashew Research Station, Bapatla and Horticulture Research Station, Darsi. Earlier, he served as Senior Scientist, Associate Professor and Training Associate in different research and academic institutions, contributing significantly to horticultural research and capacity building. Dr. Rao has played an important role in several academic and professional bodies also. He has served twice as Zonal Research Head (Coastal Zone-II) and has been a key member of statutory bodies such as the Academic Council, Research and Extension Advisory Council and Boards of Studies for UG & PG programmes at Dr. YSR Horticultural University. He has also served as Nodal About the Editors v Officer for International Relations, All India Survey on Higher Education, NISAGENET Unit and AP Food Processing Society. He is an active member of several professional bodies, including the International Society of Horticultural Science (ISHS), Belgium and the Indian Journal of Horticultural Sciences, New Delhi. His distinguished career is highlighted by the 2012 State Best Officer Award (Udyana Puraskaram) from the Government of Andhra Pradesh and the 2025 Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Lifetime Achievement Award. Dr. Rao has made notable contributions to horticultural science through research, publications and academic mentoring. His scholarly contributions include33 Research Papers, 1 Book, 1 Textbook, 1 Book Chapter, 7 Technical Bulletins, 27 Popular Articles, 80 Press Notes and participation in several national seminars and symposia. He has also been actively involved in strengthening international collaborations and institutional partnerships, contributing to 22 Global Connect programmes and facilitating 42 Memoranda of Understanding (MoUs) for academic and research cooperation. He was instrumental in the release of cashew varieties BPP10 and BPP11 and tamarind varieties Anantha Rudhira and Thettu Amalika. He has successfully guided 7 PG and Ph.D students as chairman. As the Vice - Chancellor, Dr. K. Dhanumjaya Rao is committed to strengthening horticultural education, innovation, industry collaboration and farmer-centric research, with a focus on sustainable horticultural development and global academic engagement.

Chapter 1. Horticultural Zones of India

Chapter 2. Role of Rootstocks in Temperate Fruit Production

Chapter 3. Apple

Chapter 4. Pear

Chapter 5. Peach

Chapter 6. Plum

Chapter 7. Apricot (Prunus armeniaca)

Chapter 8. Almond

Chapter 9. Chestnut

Chapter 10. Strawberry

Chapter 11. Macadamia

Chapter 12. Cherries

Chapter 13. Persimmon

Chapter 14. Walnut

Chapter 15. Pistachio Nut

Chapter 16. Pecan Nut

Chapter 17. Hazel Nut

Chapter 18. Kiwi